PROBLEMS IN PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS - Научное сообщество
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PROBLEMS IN PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

26.11.2019 20:33

[Секция 8. Интеллектуальная собственность и его защита. Информационное право]

Автор: Fadeieiva Dariia, second-year-student of Yaroslav Mudriy National Law University


At present days intellectual property rights have become a challenging issue in international trade. For some, the theft of these rights amounts to significant commercial losses that must be minimized. For others, the aggressive assertion of these rights in domains that impact basic human rights is creating vulnerabilities in the poorest nations that are unacceptable. It’s not always easy to protect intellectual property because failure to consider intellectual property issues can result in large or fatal losses when pursuing international markets. The consequences of being unprepared should not be underestimated—setting up joint ventures, distribution networks and other strategic alliances represents a significant undertaking when protecting one’s intellectual property (IP). Yet protection from potential partners and in-country representatives provides no safeguard from the entire realm of pirates, counterfeiters and other dubious characters that have made it their business to profit at someone else’s expense. It is a phenomenon that goes far beyond losses for right-owners or individual companies but extends to the well-being and survival of entire sectors and national economies.

The information technology sector is particularly vulnerable to this problem. Indeed, according to the Business Software Alliance, based in the United States, more than half of the world’s personal computer users—57 percent—admit they pirate software (which includes 31 percent who say they do it “all of the time” or “most of the time”). The first place in terms of commercial value of pirated software belongs to the U.S. - $9.7 bln., the second and the third place occupied by China and Russia respectively. Moreover, the Ukraine`s market value of pirated software reached $647 mln. and occupies the second place among countries of central and eastern Europe. The commercial value of pirated software in Ukraine, unfortunately, almost constantly increasing, despite the fact that using pirated software leads to criminally responsible, remains the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Therefore, the problem of fighting software piracy in our country is not limited to just hope actions form state institutions and law enforcement agencies, it has already become a problem of the whole society.

Global traders need to invest time and resources into protecting intellectual property. One option is to seek protection in individual countries separately by applying directly to national intellectual property offices. Each application may have to be translated into a prescribed language, which is usually the national language. National applications fees need to be paid, and it may be necessary to engage an IP agent or lawyer to ensure the application meets national requirements. Some countries of the European Union have established regional agreements for obtaining IP protection for an entire region with a single application. Examples of regional IP offices include the European Patent Office, the Office for Harmonization in the International Market and the Eurasian Patent Office. 

Although the theft of intellectual property represents a real problem in some sectors (e.g. music, motion pictures, software, etc.), the extension of protecting intellectual property rights into other important sectors, such as food and medicine, has become a highly controversial issue. The WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) negotiated in the 1986–1994 Uruguay Round, introduced intellectual property rules into the multilateral trading system for the first time that require member nations to respect intellectual property rules. While it may sound straightforward, this rule set is quickly creating ethical challenges that are threatening too many less developed nations. For example, it is argued that some countries, such as the United States, Canada, China, issue patents too quickly without much research on whether or not the invention is truly the first instance of this idea. 

To draw the conclusion, it can be said surely that in recent decades, there has been a movement toward creation of global standards and rules for intellectual property. As the world has progressed and become more interconnected, the challenges that intellectual property rights face are significant. In an economically globalized world where information can be instantly sent to anyplace over the Internet, without regard for countries’ borders, location-based rules are increasingly irrelevant and unenforceable. The exclusive role of intellectual property as one of the most important economic and legal forms of their reflection, implementation and inclusion economic processes are undoubtedly one of the most urgent tendencies that cause the need for scientific research, aimed at finding ways of recovery and development economics on an innovative basis.



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